EKONOMSKI FAKULTET U BEOGRADU
2010
SKRIPTA
ENGLESKI JEZIK ZA EKONOMISTE (ENGLESKI II)
BIČKE
1.
THE PASSIVE
Korstimo pasiv za:
1.
Kada nije bitno ko izvršava radnju
2.
Kada izvršioca radnje prepoznamo jasno iz situacije
3.
Kada je nepoznat vršilac radnje
Pasiv se može upotrebljavati samo sa tranzitivnim glagolima – onim koji imaju objekat!
Faze prebacivanja AKTIVNE u PASIVNU rečenicu:
1.
Prepoznati objekat, subjekat i predikat u rečenici.
2.
Staviti objekat na početku rečenice, zatim predikat prebaciti u pasiv formu i na kraju
rečenice staviti subjekat aktivne rečenice tako da on bude sada objekat pasivne rečenice.
Mexican speaks Spanish.
Mexican je objekat, speaks je predikat, a Spanish je objekat u AKTIVNOJ REČENICI.
Spanish is spoken in Mexico.
Sada je Spanish subjekat, is spoken je OSTAO PREDIKAT, a Mexico je postao OBJEKAT (bio je subjekat
u aktivnoj rečenici rečenici)
PRAVILA ZA PREBACIVANJE GLAGOLA U PASIV FORMU:
Prvo prepoznati vreme aktivne rečenice i onda na osnovu pravila iz tabele prebaciti taj glagol u
ODGOVARAJUĆE VREME.
VREME U AKTIVNOJ REČENICI
GLAGOL U PASIVNOJ REČENICI
PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE
am/is/are + past participle
PRESENT CONTINIUOUS TENSE
am/is/are + being + past participle
PAST SIMPLE TENSE
was/were + past participle
PAST CONTINIOUS TENSE
was/were + being + past participle
PAST PERFECT TENSE
had + been + past participle
FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE
will/shall + be + past participle
PRESENT INFINITIVE (GOING TO)
TO BE + past participle
PRESENT PERFECT INFINITIVE
to have been + past participle
CAN, MUST
CAN BE, MUST BE
DODATAK: Ako želimo da naglasimo ko vrši radnju onda koristimo BY:
eg. John broke the window.
The window is broken
BY
John.
Kada koristimo treći način (reporting verb u prošlosti) vremena se menjaju na sledeći način:
DIREKTAN GOVOR
INDIREKTAN GOVOR
PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE
PAST SIMPLE TENSE
PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
SIMPLE PAST TENSE
PAST PERFECT TENSE
PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
PAST PERFECT TENSE
FUTUR SIMPLE TENSE
FUTURE IN THE PAST
MAY/CAN
MIGHT/COULD
CONDITIONAL
CONDITIONAL I
CONDITNIONAL II
CODINTIONAL III
CODINTIONAL III
No changes (CODINTIONAL III)
PAST PERFECT TENSE
No changes (PAST PERFECT TENSE)
PRONOUNS
DIREKTAN GOVOR
INDIREKTAN GOVOR
I/YOU
HE/SHE
WE/YOU
THEY
ME/YOU
HIM/HER
US/YOU
THEM
ADVERBIALS
DIREKTAN GOVOR
INDIREKTAN GOVOR
YESTERDAY
THE DAY BEFORE/THE PREVIOUS DAY
TODAY
THAT DAY
TOMORROW
THE DAY AFTER/THE NEXT DAY/THE
FOLLOWING DAY
LAST
THE PREVIOUS
NEXT
THE FOLLOWING
THIS
THE/THAT
THESE
THOSE
HERE
THERE
NOW
THEN
*** glagoli WARN, ORDER, ADVISE, REMIND, PERASUADE su praćeni objektom + infinitivom
*** glagoli OFFER, REFUSE, PROMISE su praćeni infintivom
*** glagoli ADMIT, DENY, APOLOGIZE FOR su praćeni ING formom
Indirektni govor se koristi:
1)
Kada hoćemo da kažemo šta je druga osoba rekla, napisala ili mislala u nekoj prethodnoj
situaciji
-
Mr. Smith
says
he is sorry he hasn’t been able to send you estimated costs because their
technician is away at the moment.
(glagol je u sadašnjem ili prošlom vremenu – ne menjamo vreme)
2)
Indirektni govor se obično odnosi na prošlost. U ovom slučaju, glagol u prošlom vremenu u
direktnoj rečenici se transformiše u past perfect u indirektnoj rečenici kako bi razjasnili da
jedan događaj sledi drugi.
-
He said she had phoned him before the talks began.
3)
Ne menjamo vreme spoken verb-a dok je words spoken još uvek istinit.
“I’m 25 years old”
He said that he is/was 25 years old.
Commands and requests
MAIN CLAUSE + OBJECT PRONOUN +INFINITIVE WITH TO
He asked them to accept his offer.
He asked – MAIN CLAUSE
THEM – OBJECT PRONOUN
TO ACCEPT – INFINITIVE WITH TO
1)
Koristimo indirektni govor za naredbe i zahteve sa tell ili ask i infinitive with to
“Report back to me tomorrow”
The boss told me to report back to him the following day.
2)
Negativne indirektne naredbe izražene preko ask, tell i sl. i negativni infinitive:
“Don’t pay this invoice”
He told me not to pay the invoice.
3)
Mogu se koristiti i glagoli ORDER, COMMAND, REQUEST, BEG i sl. i građenje rečenice je
potpuno isto.
“Don’t pay this invoice”
He begged me not to pay the invoice.
QUESTIONS
MAIN CLAUSE + QUESTION WORD + SUBORDINATE CLAUSE
He asked me when I would be leaving.
Postoje dva tipa direktnih pitanja:
-
WH – questions
-
YES/NO questions
1)
WH – questions: WHO, WHERE, WHICH, WHY, WHEN, WHAT, HOW, HOW MUCH, HOW
SOON, etc.
“Why won’t you give a discount?”
She wanted to know why they wouldn’t give a discount.
2)
QUESTIONS
Menja se red reči urečenici glagol i subjekat menjaju mesta.
“Where is the station?” she asked me.
She wanted to know where the station is.
