Epilepsije: uzroci, patofiziologija, klasifikacija, sindromi i lekovi

Sanitary Medical School of Applied Sciences

THE EPILEPSIES

CONTENT

KEY WORDS ………………………………………………….1

ABSTRACT……………………………………………………..2

CAUSES………………………………………………………….3

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY……………………………………….4
CLASIFICATION……………………………………………….4
SINDROMES……………………………………………………5
MEDICATIONS………………………………………………..9
LITERATURE…………………………………………………..10

ABSTRACT

Epilepsy

is a common and diverse set of chronic neurogical disorders characterized by seizures. Epileptic seizures

result from abnormal, excessive or hypersynchronous neuronal activty in the brain. The diagnosis of epilepsy usually
requires that the seizures occur spontaneously. Nevertheless, certain epilepsy syndromes require particular
precipitants or triggers for seizures to occur. These are termed reflex epilepsy. For example, patients with primary
reading epilepsy have seizures triggered by reading.

Photosensitive epilepsy can be limited to seizures triggered by

flashing lights. Mutations in several genes have been linked to several types of epilepsy. Some genes that code
for protein sub units of voltage-gated and ligand-gatedion channels have been associated with forms of generalized
epilepsy and infantile seizure syndromes. The mainstay of treatment of epilepsy is anticonvulsant medications. Often,
anticonvulsant medication treatment will be lifelong and can have major effects on quality of life. The choice among
anticonvulsants and their effectiveness differs by epilepsy syndrome. Mechanisms, effectiveness for particular
epilepsy syndromes, and side-effects differ among the individual anticonvulsant medications. Some general findings
about the use of anticonvulsants are outlined below.