that each time such a name is applied it is fixed or proper to that object. Even if there are
severalBostons or Manchesters, the name of each is an individual or proper name.

For example:

Each part of a person's name is a proper noun:

Lynne Hand,Elizabeth Helen, Ruth Jones .

The names of companies, organisations or trade marks:

Microsoft,Rolls Royce,the Round Table

Given or pet names of animals:

Lassie,Trigger,Sam

The names of cities and countries and words derived from those proper nouns:

Paris,London,New York,England,English

Geographical and Celestial Names:

the Red Sea ,Alpha Centauri, Mars

Monuments, buildings, meeting rooms:

The Taj Mahal,The Eiffel Tower, Room 222

Historical events, documents, laws, and periods:

the Civil War, the Industrial Revolution,World War I

Months, days of the week, holidays:

Monday, Christmas, December

Religions, deities, scriptures:

God ,Christ ,Jehovah ,Christianity,Judaism , Islam, the Bible, the Koran, the Torah

Awards, vehicles, vehicle models and names, brand names:

the Nobel Peace Prize, the Scout Movement, Ford Focus, the Bismarck, Kleenex ,Hoover

1.2 Common nouns

P. Gucker, Esential English Grammar, Dover Publication inc. New York, 1966. page 46.

A common noun is a word that names people, places, things, or ideas. They are not the names
of a single person, place or thing. Common nouns are sometimes called

class nouns

. These

nouns usually have a plural. When a common noun denotes a thing which is itself a group of
other things or persons, it is called a

collective noun

.For instance, road is a word that names

any highway outside of cities; wagon is a term that names any vehicle of a certain kind used

for hauling: the words are of the widest application. We may say, the man here, or the man in
front of you, but the word man is herehedged in by other words or word groups: the name
itself is of general application.

A common noun begins with a lowercase letter unless it is at the beginning of a sentence.

For example:

People:

man, girl, boy, mother, father, child, person, teacher, student

Animals:

cat, dog, fish, ant, snake

Things:

book, table, chair, phone

Places:

school, city, building, shop

Ideas:

love, hate, idea, pride

1.3 Collective nouns

A collective noun is a noun that can be singular in form whilst referring to a group of people
or things. Collective nouns are sometimes confused with mass nouns.

Groups of people

- army, audience, band, choir, class, committee, crew, family, gang, jury,

orchestra, police, staff, team, trio

Groups of animals

- colony, flock, herd, pack, pod, school, swarm

Groups of things

- bunch, bundle, clump, pair, set, stack.

The verb and the pronoun used with a collective noun can be in the singular or in the plural.
When a group is considered as a single unit, the collective noun is used with a singular verb
and singular pronoun.

For example: