C O N T E N T S
1. Introduction ……………………………..................................…………………….………3
2. Computer networks ............................................................................................................... 4
3. Division of computer networks ............................................................................................. 4
4. Application of computer networks ...................................................................................... .5
4.1 Sharinginformacija…………………………………………….....................................…...6
4.2 Sharing of computer hardware and software ...................................................................... 6
4.3 The components of computer networks .............................................................................. 7
5. Interconnection of computer networks ..................................................................................9
5.1 Coaxialkablovi………………..……………………….........................................……….10
5.2 Optical cables ....................................................................................................................10
6. Wireless networks - Wireless ............................................................ .................................11
7.Topologije…………………………………………............................................…………..12
7.1 Topology bus (bus topology) ............................................................................................12
7.2 Star network (star topology) ......................................... ....................................................13
7.3 Ring topology (ring topology) ...........................................................................................13
7.4 Network topology (mesh topology) ..................................................................................13
8. Networkprotokoli……………………………………....................................………….....15
8.1. Protocols Connectionless ...................................................... ..........................................16
8.2. Protocols with through the establishment of connections ................................................17
9.Conclusion…………………………………………..………………………......................18
10.Literature…………………..……………………....….......................................................19
1. Introduction
The need for information was made man to make connections with various sources of
information and to create networks which will itself facilitate the collection, transfer, storage
and processing of data. Due to rapid development of computer technology in recent years
(increase in performance with a fall in prices) and the real explosion of the Internet, the
number of computers and computer networks is growing rapidly. With all the more powerful
computer equipment daily to introduce new services and, at the same time in the networking
set higher standards. Over time the network systems evolved and today reached the level of
practical efficient environment for data exchange.
The beginnings of the networking are linked to the first telegraph and telephone lines
which were passed on information to remote locations. The availability and flexibility of
today's technology of modern computer networks enabled with any point on the planet can be
connected to the network and get the desired information. Compared with the former price of
using this service network, exploiting the price of today's networks is becoming lower.
Computer networks are now indispensable part of business infrastructure, how large, and
small organizations. Knowledge of technology and the use of networks even beyond the scope
of application of the business (which can provide business advantage organizations - eg. E-
commerce enables small businesses and competitiveness in the market), into the other aspects
of human life by becoming part of general culture.
Computer networks can be a free set of two or more computers that are linked to
adequate medium and that each can communicate and share resources. Is used to transmit
both digital and analog data, which must be adapted to the respective transmission systems.
Network to transmit computer data, voice, image, video, and applications on the user may be
such that the required data in real time (voice, video, etc.), Or it may not be a condition (e-
mail, file transfer, etc. .). The network consists of a computer, transfer medium (wire, optical
fiber, air, etc.) And devices such as hubs, switches, routers and so on. which is an
infrastructure network. Some devices, such as network cards, allowing connection between
the computer and the network.
Each network can be reduced to the following two main parts: hardware and software.
The hardware consists of a whole network nodes (nods) that are used for information
processing, physically connecting roads and shared resources. The nodes are the parts of the
network in which it comes to data processing. There are two types of nodes: nodes that are
used for the actual processing and they represent the target nodes (hosts), and nodes where the
role of directing the information (routers). Shared resources are hardware (printers, plotters,
fax machines, drives, etc.) Or software elements (files, databases, applications, etc.). Software
whole network consists of protocols - rules that are all communication (data exchange) in the
network, operating systems, which are in direct communication with the hardware of a
computer system (and have support for network hardware and network protocols) and its
network software.
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4. Application of computer networks
Since the dawn of computer networks to today's powerful personal computers has been shown
to increase the efficiency of computer network and reduce the cost of data processing. Sharing
computing resources via computer networks is achieved through:
• Sharing information
• Sharing of computer hardware and software
• Centralized administration when processing data.
Accordingly computers that are part of a computer network can share with each other:
• Documents
• Electronic messages
• Software for word processing
• Tracking Software projects
• Illustrations, photographs, video and audio files
• Printer
• Fax machines
• Modem
• CD - ROM drives and other removable memory
• Hard disks.
Options computer network is constantly spreading, and also to discover new ways of sharing
resources and communication among computers.
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4.1 Information Sharing
The ability of quick and inexpensive sharing of information is one of the most
important application of computer networking technologies. It is known that the most
common e-mail service for people who use the Internet. Many business people have invested
specifically in the computer network to be able to take advantage of communication-based e-
mail. By enabling sharing of information, computer networks can reduce the need for paper
communication, increase efficiency and enable users simultaneous access to almost all the
data they need.
Picture 1. Share online
4.2 Sharing of computer hardware and software
Before the advent of computer networks, computer users have had the need for their
own printers, plotters and other peripherals. Networks allow several people simultaneously
share data and peripheral devices.
Networks can be used to share and standardized applications, such as text processors,
spreadsheet programs, database inventory etc., To allow it to anyone within the network,
using the same application and the same version of that application.
This makes it possible to easily share documents, and that user training more effective. With
men it is easier to fully master one word processing program than to learn four or five
different programs of this type.
Picture 2: Sharing the printer on the network
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