Odlomak

1.Introduction

Water traffic includes traffic that takes place on water surfaces (sea, lakes, rivers, canals). However, maritime transport is by far the most important part of water transport.
Maritime transport accounts for about 4/5 of total international trade.
In terms of cargo volume and labor productivity, maritime transport exceeds all other types of traffic.
Sea freight rates are the lowest of all modes of transport. Labor productivity in maritime transport is 5-6 times higher than in rail and river, and the cost is almost 2 times lower.
The history of maritime transport is very long (from the Phoenicians, through the ancient Greeks and Romans, to the Middle Ages and great geographical discoveries).
The development of trade in ancient times was conditioned by the development of shipping (both on seas and rivers).
Of great importance for today’s maritime traffic are the events of the early 19th century:
• Establishment of the first regular maritime lines around the world, especially between Europe and North America (traffic was maintained by fast sailboats).

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