SAŽETAK

Uvod:

Artroza, osteoartroza ili osteoartritis (OA), daleko je najčešća bolest zglobova,

naročito među

starijim osobama i predstavlja

važan medicinski, socijalni i ekonomski

problem

savremenog sveta. OA kolena je jedan od najčešćih uzroka smanjenja fizičkih funkcija (pojave

indvaliditeta) kod odraslih osoba.

Bolest nastaje kao posledica degenerativnih promena u zglobnoj hrskavici, što dovodi do

subhondralne skleroze kosti i

hipertrofičnih promena po obodu kosti (osteofiti). Učestalost OA

kolena je podjednaka kako u razvijenim tako i u zemljama u razvoju. Kako incidencija OA raste

sa godinama života, a današnji trend savremenog društva odlikuje produženje ne samo životnog,
već

i radnog veka, visoka incidencija OA kod radno sposobnog stanovništva predstavlja veliki

problem za društvo.

Uspešno ga možemo rešavati ranim otkrivanjem bolesti, isključivanjem potencijalnih faktora
rizika i sprovođenjem mera prevencije. Kada bolest već

nastupi, neophodno je sprovođenje

adekvatne terapije koja se zasniva na smanjenju i uklanjanju simptoma bolesti.

Ciljevi lečenja su smanjenje bola, poboljšanje pokretljivosti i ograničavanje funkcionalnog
oštećenja. Procedure rehabilitacionog tretmana su sastavni i neizostavni deo lečenja bolesnika sa

OA kolena.

Primarni cilj u rehabilitaciji ovih pacijenata je očuvanje funkcije zglobova u

najvećem mogućem stepenu. U određenim situacijama, ukoliko je indikovana, metoda izbora je

operacija. U rehabilitaciji

pacijenata sa OA kolena svaki terapeut mora kroz dijagnostičke i

prognostičke testove ili procenu trenutnog stanja odrediti s

istem tretmana koji podrazumeva

kombinaciju fizikalne i kineziterapije.

Cilj:

Cilj

master rada bio je predstaviti dijagnostičke p

rocedure neophodne za preciznu

dijagnostiku OA kolena te dati detaljan uvid fizikalne i kineziterapije i njihovog uticaja na
funkcionalni oporavak pacijenata sa OA.

Zaključak:

kao jedna od najčešćih degenerativnih, progresivnih reumatskih

oboljenja,

znatno utiče na kvalitet života. S tim u vezi, pacijenta je neophodno edukovati merama

prevencije i mogućnosti uticaja na tok bolesti, kako samostalno tako i primenom fizikalne i

kineziterapije.

Ključne reči:

OA, prevencija, edukacija, dijagnostika, fizikalna terapija, kineziterapija.

SUMMARY

Introduction:

Arthrosis, osteoarthrosis or osteoarthritis (OA), is by far the most common

joint disease, especially among the elderly and is an important medical, social and economic
problem of the modern world.Knee OA is one of the most common causes of decreased physical
therapy function (occurrence of disability) in adults.

The disease occurs as a result of degenerative changes in the articular cartilage, which leads to
subchondral  bone  sclerosis  and  hypertrophic  changes  around  the  perimeter  of  the  bone
(osteophytes).The  incidence  of  knee  OA  is  the  same  in  both  developed  and  developing
countries.As  the  incidence  of  OA  increases  with  age,  and  today's  trend  of  modern  society  is
characterized by an extension of not only life, but also working life, the high incidence of OA in
the working age population is a major problem for society.

We can successfully address it by early detection of diseases, excluding potential risk factors and
implementing prevention measures. When the disease already occurs, it is necessary to carry out
adequate therapy, which is based on reducing and eliminating the symptoms of the disease.

The  goals  of  treatment  are  to  reduce  pain,  improve  mobility  and  limit  functional
impairment.Rehabilitation  treatment  procedures  are  an  integral  and  indispensable  part  of  the
treatment of patients with Knee OA.The primary goal in the rehabilitation of these patients is to
preserve  joint  function  to  the  highest  possible  degree.In  certain  situations,  if  indicated,  the
method of choice is surgery.In the rehabilitation of patients with knee OA, each therapist must,
through  diagnostic  and  prognostic  tests  or  assessment  of  the  current  condition,  determine  a
system of treatment that involves a combination of physical therapy and kinesiotherapy.

Goal:

The aim of the master's thesis was to present the diagnostic procedures necessary

for accurate diagnosis of Knee OA and to give a detailed insight into physical and kinesiotherapy
and their impact on the functional recovery of patients with OA.

Conclusion:

OA as one of the most common degenerative, progressive rheumatic

diseases, significantly affects the quality of life.In this regard, it is necessary to educate the
patient with prevention measures and the possibility of influencing the course of the disease,
both independently and by applying physical and kinesiotherapy.

Key words:

OA, prevention, education, diagnostics, physical therapy, kinesitherapy.