English 365 obligatory

KEYWAY: A recess or groove in one lift or placement of concrete which is filled with
concrete of the next lift, giving shear strength to the joint, also called a key.
KINETIC ENERGY: The energy of a moving body due to its mass and motion.
K.E.= W x V / 2 g.
(L)
LAITANCE: A layer of weak and non-durable cement concrete caused by bleeding as a
result of excessive vibration of concrete or over trowelling the mortar. It is weaker than the
rest of the concrete and should be cut away and covered with a pure cement wash before
laying more concrete on it.
LANDSLIP OR LANDSLIDE: A sliding down of the soil on a slope because of an increase of
loading (Due to rain, new building, etc.), or a removal of support at the foot due to cutting a
railway or road or canal. Clays are particularly liable to slips.
LEAN CONCRETE BASE (LCB): A mixture of aggregate, cement and water used directly
under concrete pavement. The mixture has a lower modulus of rapture than the concrete
pavement, and a higher compressive strength than cement treated base.
LEDGE: A horizontal projection or cut forming a shelf, cliff or rock wall.
LIME: Calcium oxide (CaO).
LIQUID LIMIT: The moisture content at the point between the liquid and the plastic states of
a clay.
LIQUIDATED DAMAGES: The amount prescribed in the contract specifications, to be paid
to the State (Client) or to be deducted from any payments due or to become due the
Contractor, for each day’s delay in completing the whole or any specified portion of the work
beyond the time allowed in the contract specifications.
LLOYD DAVIES FORMULA: A method for calculating the run-off, from which the sizes of
sewers are calculated (Runoff water in cubic feet = 60.5 X area drained in acres X rainfall in
inches per hour X impermeability factor).
LOESS: Deposit of very porous and cavitated wind-blown silt and clay.