INTRODUCTION
The present development of civilization has shown a great need for the development of traffic, especially
the road traffic, which as no other mode of transport does not allow "door to door" transport. This is one
of the reasons why, today, it is considered that road traffic is one of the basic elements on which every
modern society rests. In addition to its benefits, traffic also causes a number of adverse consequences:
environmental pollution, noise generation, traffic jams, environmental hazards, hazardous material
transportation, fires, social disturbance of traffic-related interpersonal relationships and other
consequences. The most adverse consequence of traffic is traffic accidents, which, apart from the
enormous burden on every society, have a large number of victims. According to World Health
Organization data (WHO, 2009a), nearly 1.3 million people and about 50 million people in the world are
killed every year in traffic accidents. The traffic safety situation can be defined by the current state and
trend of traffic safety indicators. However, in order to determine the current state and trend in traffic
safety, appropriate measurements are required. As a result, traffic safety measurements are considered to
be extremely significant, and the particular significance of traffic safety measurements is to determine
whether something is safe or unavoidable. Traffic safety measurements are also important for determining
the effects of the application of measures. Namely, by measuring or defining the value of one or more
traffic safety indicators before and after the application of the measures, it is possible to determine the
effects of these measures on the improvement of traffic safety.
1.1. Development of traffic safety items
The safety of road traffic, despite a number of works, has not yet been constructed as a special scientific
discipline. It is well known that no scientific discipline can arise before the creation of its subject or the
phenomenon that it is studying. Only when it occurs, the state or behavior begins to be more burdensome
or otherwise interested in society, the society reacts, among other things, by the engagement of science.
For the existence of a scientific discipline, it is not enough that there is a part of reality that makes its
subject, even though this is an indispensable condition. In addition, it is necessary that this discipline
builds its own specific way of exploring that part of life reality. This ensures the formation of
physiognomy and scientific disciplines and further development of a complete approach to the
phenomena, or part of the reality that is being studied. Thus, the subject and the method make the
constitutive 27 the role and content of each scientific discipline. Each new scientific discipline, including
this, is very important to define its subject so that it can be successfully developed.
The level of development of traffic and endangerment of people and property in it has reached a level that
imposed the need for a scientific discipline to take over and develop a common basis for studying and
understanding these complex problems and establishing a methodology for an analytical solution to the
security issues of people and property in that area.
The specific contents of this subject are studied and monitored by sources of danger in traffic, and
especially traffic accidents as a phenomenon, in which the scale of human and property threats in this area
has reached the scope of the scientific discipline. We did not define this subject, because besides traffic
accidents in this area there are other dangers, that is, the occurrence that endangers people and property.
1.2. Historical development of traffic safety
People's thinking about traffic safety issues is as old as these problems, only because these thoughts have
long been insufficiently critical and systematic. Only when the degree of endangerment of people and
property in traffic has reached greater proportions and when certain social conditions are created
alongside the lax treatment of this problem, efforts are also made to systematically acquire knowledge in
order to actively change the reality. The development of this science is difficult to follow because it has
evolved within a variety of disciplines. Until the beginning of the 20th century, traffic accidents have
been treated and studied in classical criminality in criminology and criminal law. It was only later that it
was a question of specificities that can not be applied to what is true of general criminality. It was then
realized that death, injury or material damage caused by traffic accidents could not be treated as inhumane
murder, bodily injury or damage to someone else's property. With this knowledge, they begin to report
(not everywhere at the same time) the incrimination of specific criminal offenses of traffic congestion.
Serious expert works in the field of road traffic safety were created in the sixties of the 20th century,
which is the consequence of later traffic development. His contribution to the development of science in
this area was also contributed by numerous international traffic organizations. They have created
conditions and have been particularly encouraged by their activity: exchange of experience and relevant
information between states, improvement of traffic accidents, harmonization of vehicle production
standards, conclusion of international conventions. Thanks to these, significant progress has been made in
international co-operation on the study of certain traffic safety factors such as pedestrian safety, security
system protection (helmets, safety belts), speed limitation, August effect effects, alcohol and drug effects,
and the like.
