Javna preduzeća i ustanove

REZIME
U radu se razmatraju položaj i uloga ustanova i javnih preduzeća u sistemu javne uprave Bosne i Hercegovine. Ukazano je da ustanove i javna preduzeća spadaju u nedržavnu javnu upravu. Ovi subjekti se ne nalaze u okviru formalne državne organizacione strukture, što znači da njima upravni poslovi nisu osnovna djelatnost, ali oni tu djelatnost obavljaju na osnovu povjerenih javnih ovlaštenja. Oni mogu da vrše javna ovlaštenja kada im je propisom dato pravo da istupaju u odnosu na druge subjekte s jačom voljom, i to donošenjem opštih pravnih akata i pojedinačnih upravnih akata, kao i vršenjem drugih javnih ovlaštenja. U ovim slučajevima ustanove i javna preduzeća prema drugim subjektima istupaju autoritativno, što podrazumijeva da ih, u opštem interesu, obavezuju na određeno ponašanje.

Analizi smo podvrgli normativnu uređenost ustanova i javnih preduzeća u državi Bosni i Hercegovini, u oba entiteta i u Brčko distriktu. Pokazali smo da na teritoriji Bosne i Hercegovine postoji solidan normativno-pravni okvir za funkcionisanje ustanova i javnih preduzeća kao javnih službi. Ukazali smo da pojedina normativna rješenja treba unaprijediti.

Dali smo i uporedno-pravni prikaz uređenosti ustanova i javnih preduzeća u Republici Srbiji i Republici Hrvatskoj, pri čemu smo ukazali da se rješenja u tim zakonodavstvima bitnije ne razlikuju od rješenja koja su sadržana u propisima u Bosni i Hercegovini.

Dokazali smo da će se unaprjeđenjem funkcionisanja ustanova i javnih preduzeća u Bosni i Hercegovini stvoriti povoljniji uslovi za ostvarivanje pojedinih prava građana. Takođe smo pokazali da je stepen prenošenja poslova javne uprave na ustanove i javna preduzeća u zavisnosti od stepena demokratizacije društva, kao i da optimalno funkcionisanje ustanova i javnih preduzeća ima pozitivan uticaj na nivo javne potrošnje.

KLJUČNE RIJEČI: ustanova, javno preduzeće, javna uprava, nedržavna javna uprava, javna služba, javno ovlaštenje.

SUMMARY

In this work we discusses the position and role of institutions and public corporations in the system of public administration in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It was pointed out that the institutions and public corporations belong to non-government public administration. These subjects are not in the formal organizational structure of the state, which means that their main activities are not administrative tasks, but they do this activity on the basis of delegated public authority. They can perform public authorities when the law has given them the right to act in relation to other subjects with a stronger will, which they do by adopting of legal acts and individual administrative acts, as well as the performance of other public authorities. In these cases, institutions and public corporations act in relation to other entities with authority, which means that they, in the general interest, commit them to a certain behavior.
We analyzed the normative regulation of institutions and public corporations in the state of Bosnia and Herzegovina, in both entities and Brčko District. We have shown that in Bosnia and Herzegovina there is a solid normative and legal framework for the functioning of institutions and public corporations as a public service. We pointed out that certain normative solutions need to be improved.
We also gave a comparative view of the regulation of institutions and public companies in Serbia and Croatia, where we pointed out that the solutions in these jurisdictions do not significantly differ from the solutions contained in the regulations of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
We have shown that the improvement of the functioning of institutions and public corporations in Bosnia and Herzegovina will create favorable conditions for realizing certain rights of citizens. We also showed that the degree of delegation of functions of public administration to institutions and public corporations depend on the degree of democratization of society, and also that optimal functioning of institutions and public corporations has a positive impact on the level of public spending.

KEY WORDS: institutions, public corporations, public administration, non-governmental public administration, public service, public authority.